e54ed174-21cf-45cd-b23c-dfe0cfd53d8b e5ca377b-36e1-4ca5-82f9-ac68bda44acc Janina Kleemann jkleemann@uni-bonn.de 2016-02-03T16:13:06 ISO 19115:2003/19139 1.0 Questionnaire with researchers (experts) in Ghana on most important Driving Forces of Land Use Change in the Upper East Region - Ghana 2014-10-16T10:00:00 The questionnaire is about current and future direct and indirect drivers of land use/cover change (LUCC), positive or negative impact of drivers of LUCC on food security and water security and trends of land cover and crop types under "business as usual"in the Upper East Region (UER). The questionnaire has been send by e-mail to researchers (experts) in Ghana who are doing or have done research on land use changes in the Upper East Region. The questionnaire is based on interviews with researchers in Ghana on driving forces of land use change in the Upper East Region, conducted in November 2013. Janina Kleemann Center for Development Research (ZEF) Junior Researcher + 49 (0)228/731721 Walter-Flex-Straße 3 Bonn North Rhine-Westphalia 53113 Germany jkleemann@uni-bonn.de http://www.zef.de/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Center for Development Research https://wascal-dataportal.org/geonetwork/srv/eng/resources.get?uuid=e54ed174-21cf-45cd-b23c-dfe0cfd53d8b&fname=Survey.PNG large_thumbnail PNG Northern Ghana Upper East Region Western Africa Ghana Region 2006-09-22 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.place.regions land use change crop types food security water securiy land use GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4 2010-01-13 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.gemet Restricted due to publication purposes. In case of urgent interest please contact the author. farming -1.59846 0.05498 10.23797 11.1933 2014-03-01 2014-03-30 PDF Janina Kleemann jkleemann@uni-bonn.de 2021-02-01T00:00:00 via email. WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link https://wascal-dataportal.org/geonetwork/srv/eng/file.disclaimer?uuid=e54ed174-21cf-45cd-b23c-dfe0cfd53d8b&fname=WASCAL_soc_DriversLandUseChange_UER_ResearcherGhana_2014.zip&access=private WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download WASCAL_soc_DriversLandUseChange_UER_ResearcherGhana_2014.zip File to download The questionnaire is based on 15 interviews with researchers in Ghana on driving forces of land use change in the Upper East Region, conducted in November 2013. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail to the 15 researchers but only 5 responded. The questionnaire has closed questions and is characterized by three parts: 1. Current and future direct and indirect drivers of land use/cover change (LUCC) in the Upper East Region Likert-scale: from 0 = no influence to 5 = very strong influence 2. Positive or negative impact of drivers of LUCC on food security and water security in the Upper East Region (UER) Likert-scale: from -2 = very negative impact to +2 = very positive impact 3. Trends of land cover type under "business as usual" Likert-scale: from -2 = significant decrease to +2 = significant increase The answers are validated by the Delphi-approach which is used to reduce the variance by resending the questionnaire with the anonymous information of responses given by other participants. The participant is asked to reassess his response with regard to the judgement of other participants. Drivers of LULCC can be roughly categorized as followed (drivers are overlapping and have been resorted later on): Direct anthropogenic drivers: • Traditional agricultural intensification: no fallow, without or with small amount of fertilizer, intercropping, slash and burn • Modern agricultural intensification: no fallow, fertilizer input, occasional use of tractors, mainly monocrops • Agricultural extensification: extension of arable land • Conservation agriculture: fallow, mulching and no tillage • Irrigation with dams and rivers • Dry-season gardening: small-scale irrigation with wells; bucket irrigation • Improved crop varieties: hybrids and genetically modified • Mining activity: sand, gravel and stone extraction; as well as digging for gold and other resources • Labour availability for farming • Use of wood: cutting trees for firewood, charcoal or livestock feeding • Livestock • Bush fires • Others: e.g. residential land use Biophysical drivers: • Soil type: natural capacity for water and nutrient retention • Topography: hilltop, slope, valley • Increasing rainfall variability • Increasing temperature variability • Increasing variability in wind intensity Demographic drivers: • Population growth in rural area • Urbanisation: urban population growth including in-migration • Out-migration: residents out of the UER longer than one season Cultural drivers: • Changes in religious pattern: e.g. importance of sacrifices and sacred places • Change in behavior due to access to TV and radio • Change in food intake • Level of education Economic drivers: • Rising living standard • Improved road network • Access for rural people to local markets • Financial capital of rural farmers • Market liberalization • Foreign agricultural large-scale investments • Tourism Political drivers: • Governmental laws • National agricultural programmes • Service by extension officers • Fertilizer subsidies • Tax relief on product sale • Credits by family, bank, government or NGO • Customary land tenure system; focus on land security • Science and research • International funding/ development aid Following land cover/use types and crop types have been asked for its increase or decrease: Land use/cover types: • Cropland: farming area for staple crops and cash crops • Grassland/grazing land: grass species are dominating with occasional shrubs and trees; can be used as pasture • Bush savanna: shrubs, single trees, savanna grasses • Tree plantations: tree cover > 70 %; e.g. fruit trees, fodder trees, timber • Bare land: natural or degraded land without vegetation; can be sandy areas, iron concretes, rocks • Water bodies: dams, lakes and rivers • Urban area: sealed area is dominating; dense network of roads and houses • Other land cover/use types Crop types: • Millet • Sorghum and/or guinea corn • Maize • Soy beans • Groundnuts • Bambara beans • Cowpeas • Cotton • Irrigated rice • Rain-fed rice • Irrigated vegetables • Future crops: Sesame • Other crop types